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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Paliperidone palmitate vs risperidone long‐acting injection

Leaving the study early ‐ lack of efficacy Reported by trial author · patients with schizophrenia

Paliperidone palmitate probably leads to higher leaving the study early ‐ lack of efficacy Reported by trial author compared with risperidone long‐acting injection (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

α‐FLUPENTHIXOL vs PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL

Global state: clinically important change in global state needing additional medication ‐ chlorpromazine · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether α‐FLUPENTHIXOL changes global state: clinically important change in global state needing… compared with PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

α‐FLUPENTHIXOL vs PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL

General functioning: Poor social functioning ‐ modified Cooper's ratings5,6 · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether α‐FLUPENTHIXOL changes general functioning: Poor social functioning ‐ modified Cooper's… compared with PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Compliance: Poor compliance with medication · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION changes compliance: Not compliant with medication compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Compliance: 2a. With · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION changes compliance: 2a. With compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Relapse: 2. Relapse with readmission ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower relapse: 2. Relapse with readmission ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Satisfaction with mental health services: 3. binary outcome ‐ medium term ‐ unsatisfied · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower satisfaction with mental health services: 3. binary outcome ‐ medium… compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Adverse event: Death ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review