What do systematic reviews say?

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.6]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.7]
  1 study · 83 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early showed no clear difference in death at day 30Â compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (low certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.09]
  12 studies · 4826 participants
  Low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 4589 participants
  Moderate

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in death by AKI aetiology: non‐surgical causes compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09]
  9 studies · 4461 participants
  Moderate

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in death by AKI aetiology: surgical causes compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (low certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.31, 1.36]
  3 studies · 365 participants
  Low

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [0.99, 2.03]
  6 studies · 583 participants
  Moderate

Subgroup analyses: early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous and intermittent KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.91, 1.02]
  4 studies · 4134 participants
  Moderate

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early showed no clear difference in death after 30 days compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.07]
  7 studies · 4534 participants
  Moderate

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early showed no clear difference in death or non‐recovery of kidney function Time frame: day 90 compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (low certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.74, 1.11]
  6 studies · 4011 participants
  Low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early showed no clear difference in recovery of kidney function Patients free from KRT according to ITT… compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (low certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.94, 1.22]
  10 studies · 4717 participants
  Low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early leads to higher adverse events: hypophosphataemia compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.8 [1.33, 2.44]
  1 study · 2927 participants
  High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early leads to higher adverse events: hypotension compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.54 [1.29, 1.85]
  5 studies · 3864 participants
  High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early leads to higher adverse events: cardiac‐rhythm disorder compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [1.04, 1.75]
  6 studies · 4483 participants
  High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Early showed no clear difference in adverse events: infection compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1, 1.77]
  5 studies · 4252 participants
  High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

• Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 4240 participants
  Moderate