Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Time to progression · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

Gemcitabine may leads to lower time to progression compared with BCG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes grade III–V adverse events compared with BCG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Time to death from bladder cancer · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes time to death from bladder cancer compared with BCG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Time to death from any cause · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Adverse events: grade 1 to 2 · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes grade I or II adverse events compared with BCG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Disease‐specific quality of life · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review