Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist vs selective aldosterone antagonist

AKI · proteinuric chronic kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist vs selective aldosterone antagonist

Proteinuria · proteinuric chronic kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist vs selective aldosterone antagonist

eGFR · proteinuric chronic kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric CKD

Aldosterone antagonists showed no clear difference in doubling serum creatinine compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.69, 2.44]
2 studies · 875 participants
Low

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

AKI · proteinuric CKD

Aldosterone antagonists probably leads to higher AKI compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.04 [1.05, 3.97]
5 studies · 1446 participants
Moderate

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

Proteinuria · proteinuric CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1193 participants
Very low

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

eGFR · proteinuric CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1144 participants
Low

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Kidney failure · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Change in weight (kg) · children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Change in height · children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Change in BMI · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Frequency of bowel symptoms: stool frequency · children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

CFA: fat absorption · children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ECM vs other enteric‐coated preparations

Pulmonary exacerbations · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pine bark extract vs placebo

Participant‐reported · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pine bark extract vs placebo

Improvement of asthma symptoms; · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria

It is very uncertain whether pine bark extract changes decrease in asthma symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.85 [1.32, 2.58]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pine bark extract vs placebo

Participants off albuterol inhaler · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria

It is very uncertain whether pine bark extract changes participants off albuterol inhaler compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6 [1.97, 18.25]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pine bark extract vs placebo

Investigator‐reported · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pine bark extract vs placebo

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low