Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,315 questions · 23,557 findings · 2,311 reviews

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No studies found 4,183 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 3,930 · 16.7%Very low 5,371 · 22.8%Low 5,787 · 24.6%Moderate 3,320 · 14.1%High 966 · 4.1%

Ranked among the 5,000 newest matching findings; add words or filters to narrow the search.

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Mortality or major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months and 3 to 5 years CA · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

It is very uncertain whether high‐dose changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (BPD) at 36 weeks'… compared with standard‐dose strategies (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.47, 1.11]
3 studies · 333 participants
Very low
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.48, 0.97]
1 study · 238 participants
Low
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.6, 0.94]
5 studies · 723 participants
Moderate

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading to a reduction in dose or withholding of caffeine · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

It is very uncertain whether high‐dose changes side effects (tachycardia, agitation or feed intolerance) leading to… compared with standard‐dose strategies (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.92 [0.53, 6.9]
2 studies · 150 participants
Very low
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.66 [0.86, 3.23]
5 studies · 593 participants
Low

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Seizures (clinically diagnosed; diagnosed by electroencephalography) · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [0.79, 2.53]
1 study · 74 participants
Very low

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants at risk for apnea

It is very uncertain whether high‐dose changes all‐cause mortality prior to hospital discharge compared with standard‐dose strategies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.5, 3.53]
2 studies · 152 participants
Very low

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

All‐cause mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.8, 1.27]
5 studies · 516 participants
Moderate

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

All‐cause mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

Fetal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Fetal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.6, 1.12]
5 studies · 516 participants
Moderate

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [0.9, 2.33]
5 studies · 397 participants
Moderate

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

All‐cause mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.6]
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Fetal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.7]
1 study · 83 participants
Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

All‐cause mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

Fetal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

Neonatal mortality · pregnant women with fetal growth restriction

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 23 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 38 Total participants: 12,985 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Mirtazapine RCTs: 1 Participants: 406 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Low