Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 13,493 findings · 1,305 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 2,594 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 728 · 5.4%Very low 2,868 · 21.3%Low 3,777 · 28%Moderate 2,620 · 19.4%High 906 · 6.7%

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Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

It is very uncertain whether topical clonidine (TC) changes participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater during longest compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in much or very much improved on PGIC during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participants experiencing at least 1adverse event during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review