Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists may leads to higher bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Bleeding ‐ clinically indicated non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ clinically relevant, non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42… compared with heparin (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin leads to higher bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs no patching

Time to complete healing · participants with corneal abrasion

Patching showed no clear difference in days to complete healing compared with no patching (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural pain relief vs systemic opioid‐based pain relief

Mortality in hospital or up to 30 days · people undergoing abdominal aortic surgery

Epidural pain relief showed no clear difference in mortality in hospital or up to 30 days compared with systemic opioid‐based pain relief (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review