Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,315 questions · 23,557 findings · 2,311 reviews

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No studies found 4,183 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 3,930 · 16.7%Very low 5,371 · 22.8%Low 5,787 · 24.6%Moderate 3,320 · 14.1%High 966 · 4.1%

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Intervention not reported

PARENTAL ANXIETY: STAI‐T · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 97 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

RESPIRATORY RATE DURING intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 750 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

RESPIRATOTY RATE POST‐intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 636 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HEART RATE DURING intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1014 participants
Moderate

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Length of hospital stay · people requiring tracheal intubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Incidence of severe hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 80%) · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in incidence of severe hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 80%) compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.66, 1.11]
15 studies · 1802 participants
Low

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Hypoxaemia · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in incidence of hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 93%) compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.23, 1.46]
3 studies · 489 participants
Low

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Lowest recorded SpO2 (%) · people requiring tracheal intubation

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1525 participants
Low

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Duration of ICU stay · people requiring tracheal intubation

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 815 participants
Low

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

First‐pass success of cannulation · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in first pass success rate compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.93, 1.08]
8 studies · 826 participants
Moderate

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Adverse eventse · people requiring tracheal intubation

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 997 participants
GRADE not reported

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

All‐cause mortality · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation during the apnoeic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.7, 1]
6 studies · 1015 participants
Low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Indoxyl sulfate · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Change in any GI upset (borborygmi) · people with CKD

It is very uncertain whether synbiotic changes change in any GI upset (borborygmi) compared with prebiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 15.26 [0.99, 236.23]
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Change in any GI upset (GSRS total index) · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Microbiota composition · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Graft function · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Graft infection · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

eGFR · people with CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found