Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

612 questions in 46 reviews · Work

current versions
No studies 78 · 12.7%Ungraded 4 · 0.7%Very low 295 · 48.2%Low 182 · 29.7%Moderate 49 · 8%High 4 · 0.7%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Time to return to work ‐ very long‐term · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
HR 0.93 [0.74, 1.17]2 studies · 474 participantsLow
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Cumulative sickness absence in work days ‐ short‐term · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 113 participantsModerate
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Cumulative sickness absence in work days ‐ long‐term · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 1339 participantsLow
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Cumulative sickness absence in work days ‐ very long‐term · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 8052 participantsModerate
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Proportion at work at end of the · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.86, 1.3]5 studies · 1388 participantsLow
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Proportion at work at end of the · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.15]5 studies · 3061 participantsLow
Return to work coordination programmes vs usual practice
Proportion at work at end of the · workers on sick leave
Return‐to‐work coordination programmes for improving return to work in workers on sick leave (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.07]2 studies · 815 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Augmented supported employment vs. psychiatric care only · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 3.81 [1.99, 7.31]1 study · 256 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Augmented supported employment vs supported employment only · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.4 [0.92, 2.14]3 studies · 205 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Supported employment vs. psychiatric care only · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.72 [1.55, 4.76]1 study · 2238 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Pre‐vocational training vs. psychiatric care only · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.26 [0.73, 2.19]2 studies · 161 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Transitional employment vs. psychiatric care only · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.51, 1.96]0 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Augmented supported employment vs. transitional employment · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 3.79 [2.34, 6.14]2 studies · 212 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Supported employment vs. transitional employment · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.71 [1.8, 4.06]4 studies · 87 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Pre‐vocational training vs. transitional employment · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.26 [0.77, 2.05]0 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Augmented supported employment vs. pre‐vocational training · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 3.02 [1.88, 4.87]2 studies · 193 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Supported employment vs prevocational training · adults with severe mental illness
Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.16 [1.59, 2.93]9 studies · 1569 participantsVery low
Computer‐based interventions vs in‐person interventions
Stress Various Measurement Instruments · employees
Computer‐based versus in‐person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 159 participantsVery low
Computer‐based interventions vs in‐person interventions
Burnout · employees
Computer‐based versus in‐person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Training vs no intervention
Properly fitting RPE at 6 months · Healthcare workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.17 [0.97, 1.41]1 study · 83 participantsVery low
Education vs no intervention
Use of safety mask while working · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 2.05 [0.74, 5.69]1 study · 44 participantsVery low
Education vs no intervention
Fit tested for N95 · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.32 [0.07, 1.49]1 study · 52 participantsVery low
Education vs no intervention
Use of N95 mask · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 4.56 [1.84, 11.33]1 study · 52 participantsVery low
Motivational interview‐based education vs traditional lectures
Use of RPE as part of full‐body PPE (score on checklist) · Factory workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 70 participantsVery low
Training vs no intervention
Properly fitting RPE at 6 months · Healthcare workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]1 study · 96 participantsVery low
Conventional training plus additions vs conventional training
Observed appropriate RPE use · Health workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.41 [0.96, 2.07]1 study · 64 participantsVery low
Conventional training plus additions vs conventional training
Correct use of RPE as part of full‐body PPE ‐ Donning · Health workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsVery low
Conventional training plus additions vs conventional training
Correct use of RPE as part of full‐body PPE ‐ Doffing · Health workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsVery low
Education vs no intervention
Outcomes# · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Education vs no intervention
Use of RPE most of the time ‐ 3 years after intervention · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.69 [1.1, 2.58]1 study · 170 participantsLow
Education vs no intervention
Reported RPE use among farmers ‐ Short term · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.91, 1.26]1 study · 105 participantsVery low
Education vs no intervention
Reported RPE use among farmers ‐ Long term · Workers
Behavioural interventions to promote workers' use of respiratory protective equipment (2016) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.17]2 studies · 206 participantsVery low
Light interventions (1/7): Bright light at night vs normal light (300 lux)
Sleepiness during the night shift overall; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 184 participantsVery low
Light interventions (2/7): Bright light alone at night vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Sleep onset latency, next day; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsVery low
Light interventions (2/7): Bright light alone at night vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Sleep efficiency, next day; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsVery low
Light intervention (3/7): Bright light during day vs normal light (530 to 648 lux)
Sleepiness during the day shift · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 61 participantsLow
Light intervention (3/7): Bright light during day vs normal light (530 to 648 lux)
Sleep quality, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 61 participantsLow
Light interventions (4/7): Bright light during day vs dim red light
Total sleep time, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Light interventions (4/7): Bright light during day vs dim red light
Sleep onset latency, next night · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Light interventions (5/7): Bright light alone during day vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Sleepiness during the day shift; days · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Light interventions (5/7): Bright light alone during day vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Total sleep time, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Light interventions (5/7): Bright light alone during day vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Sleep onset latency, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Light interventions (5/7): Bright light alone during day vs normal light (300 lux) plus placebo capsule
Sleep efficiency, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Light interventions (1/7): Bright light at night vs normal light (300 lux)
Sleepiness during the night shift overall; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Light interventions (6/7): Bright light at night plus glasses vs normal light (unclear lux) and no glasses
Sleepiness during the night shift · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 17 participantsVery low
Light interventions (7/7): Bright light plus glasses during day vs normal light and no glasses
Total sleep time, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 3 participantsLow
Light interventions (7/7): Bright light plus glasses during day vs normal light and no glasses
Sleep onset latency, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 3 participantsLow
Light interventions (7/7): Bright light plus glasses during day vs normal light and no glasses
Sleep efficiency, next night; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 3 participantsLow
Nap interventions (1/2): Nap at night (single nap opportunity) vs no‐nap
Sleepiness during the night shift, postintervention; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 16 participantsVery low
Nap interventions (1/2): Nap at night (single nap opportunity) vs no‐nap
Sleepiness during the night shift, postintervention; · Shift workers
Person‐directed, non‐pharmacological interventions for sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances caused by… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 8 participantsLow