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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) Technical success (> 5 years) · people with GSV incompetence Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence (2021) · Cochrane | OR 6.47 [2.6, 16.1] | 3 studies · 534 participants | Low |
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) Recurrence (< 5 years) · people with GSV incompetence Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.2, 2.36] | 2 studies · 443 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo Frequency of attacks (per week) (4 to 6‐week · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 44 participants | Low |
Alpha blockers vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Adverse events (4 weeks' to 180 days' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
Alpha blockers vs placebo RCS · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo Frequency of attacks per week (6 weeks' follow‐ up) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 118 participants | Low |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo Severity of attacks (1 to 4 scale, 6 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 118 participants | Low |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo Duration of attacks · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo Adverse events (6 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [1.05, 2.42] | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Prostagladin/prostacyclin analogues vs placebo RCS · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo Frequency of attacks Per week (over 2 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo Severity of attacks (mild, moderate, and severe. then converted to numeric representation) (4 to 6‐week · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 34 participants | Low |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo Severity of attacks · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo Duration of attacks · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors vs placebo RCS · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Frequency of attacks Per week (over 4 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Severity of attacks (frequency of attacks/d × duration of attacks, over 4 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Duration of attacks Per day (minutes, over 4 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events (over 4 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.89, 2.66] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo Duration of attacks (minutes) (4 to 6‐week · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo RCS · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo Frequency of attacks (1 or 4 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Very low |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo Severity of attacks (1 week · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo Duration of attacks (2 or 4 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Ungraded |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo Adverse events (3 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
Nitrate/nitrate derivatives vs placebo RCS (4 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo Frequency of attacks (per week) (4 and 6 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo Severity of attacks (Likert scale 1 to 9 or 11 points; 4 and 6 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo Duration of attacks (4 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo QoL · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 138 participants | Ungraded |
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors vs placebo RCS (6 weeks' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 79 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events (4 to 6‐week · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.67, 2.73] | 3 studies · 46 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo RCS · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Frequency of attacks (4 weeks' to 180 days' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Severity of attacks (Dichotomous outcome over 4 weeks' to 180 days' · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Ungraded |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Duration of attacks (4 weeks) · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Intensity of injection pain ‐ immediately after injection (VAS 0 to 10 cm) · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Intensity of injection pain ‐ 48 hours after injection (VAS 0 to 10 cm) · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 103 participants | Low |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Bruise size ‐ 48 hours after injection (mm/mm2) · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 503 participants | Very low |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Bruise size ‐ 60 hours after injection (mm2) · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 84 participants | Low |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Bruise size ‐ 72 hours after injection (mm2) · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low |
Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection Bruise incidence ‐ 48 hours after injection · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections Slow versus fast subcutaneous heparin injections for prevention of bruising and site pain intensity (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.26, 0.6] | 3 studies · 444 participants | Low |