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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.21, 0.97] | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 47‐54 years old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · female and male 33‐year old (mean) patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.33, 0.84] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms ‐ not reported · female and male 33‐year old (mean) patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ not reported · female and male 33‐year old (mean) patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 33‐year old (mean) patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 33‐year old (mean) patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: 1. No clinically important improvement · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.46, 0.86] | 1 study · 92 participants | Moderate |
ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.92, 2.45] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs PLACEBO Leaving the study early · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.31, 3.25] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement ‐ not reported · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.55] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms ‐ not reported · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Adverse effects: EPS: parkinsonism measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.3 | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Adverse effects: EPS: akathisia measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0 | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.81, 0.96] | 1 study · 157 participants | Moderate |
HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms ‐ not reported · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ not reported · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.22] | 1 study · 157 participants | Very low |
ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [0.75, 7.23] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HORMONE ‐ MELATONIN vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · female and male 28 to 91 years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.71, 1.12] | 2 studies · 32 participants | Low |
HORMONE ‐ MELATONIN vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · female and male 28 to 91 years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.01, 4.05] | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
HORMONE ‐ MELATONIN vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Adverse effects · female and male 28 to 91 years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 54 participants | Low |
HORMONE ‐ MELATONIN vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 28 to 91 years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 54 participants | Very low |
HORMONE ‐ MELATONIN vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 28 to 91 years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
POLYPEPTIDE ‐ CERULETIDE vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement ‐ not reported · female and male 55‐59 year old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
POLYPEPTIDE ‐ CERULETIDE vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · female and male 55‐59 year old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.14, 6.8] | 2 studies · 103 participants | Low |
POLYPEPTIDE ‐ CERULETIDE vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect · female and male 55‐59 year old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.74, 2.36] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
POLYPEPTIDE ‐ CERULETIDE vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 55‐59 year old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.49, 2.4] | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.32] | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
POLYPEPTIDE ‐ CERULETIDE vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 55‐59 year old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HYPNOSIS or RELAXATION vs TAU Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · female and male 35 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia, acute extrapyramidal symptoms,… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.21, 0.94] | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
HYPNOSIS or RELAXATION vs TAU Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · female and male 35 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia, acute extrapyramidal symptoms,… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.81] | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
HYPNOSIS or RELAXATION vs TAU Adverse effects ‐ not reported · female and male 35 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia, acute extrapyramidal symptoms,… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HYPNOSIS or RELAXATION vs TAU Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 35 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia, acute extrapyramidal symptoms,… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
HYPNOSIS or RELAXATION vs TAU Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 35 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia, acute extrapyramidal symptoms,… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs PLACEBO Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement ‐ not reported · female and male 47‐54 years old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms ‐ not reported · female and male 47‐54 years old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM vs PLACEBO Adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect · female and male 47‐54 years old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.25, 1.04] | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · female and male 47‐54 years old (mean) patients with various psychiatric conditions and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.22] | 2 studies · 119 participants | Very low |
VITAMIN E vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: 1. Not improved to a clinically important extent · patients with various chronic psychiatric disorders, but mainly schizophrenia, and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.89, 1.01] | 6 studies · 264 participants | Low |
VITAMIN E vs PLACEBO Tardive dyskinesia: 3. Deterioration of symptoms · patients with various chronic psychiatric disorders, but mainly schizophrenia, and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.76] | 5 studies · 85 participants | Low |
VITAMIN E vs PLACEBO Adverse effect: any · patients with various chronic psychiatric disorders, but mainly schizophrenia, and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.35, 4.15] | 9 studies · 205 participants | Very low |
VITAMIN E vs PLACEBO Adverse effect: extrapyramidal symptoms measured by Simpson‐Angus Scale (low = better) · patients with various chronic psychiatric disorders, but mainly schizophrenia, and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
VITAMIN E vs PLACEBO Acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the study early) · patients with various chronic psychiatric disorders, but mainly schizophrenia, and antipsychotic‐induced tardive… Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.64, 1.8] | 8 studies · 232 participants | Very low |