Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

245 questions · 245 findings · 20 reviews · Public Health

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No studies found 55 · 22.4%GRADE not reported 26 · 10.6%Very low 92 · 37.6%Low 54 · 22%Moderate 18 · 7.3%High 0 · 0%

Maize flour or maize flour products fortified with folic acid alone vs no intervention

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Maize flour or maize flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

Erythrocyte folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Maize flour or maize flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid alone vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Erythrocyte folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid alone vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Plasma folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health outcomes

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.74, 1.55]
1 study · 334 participants
Low

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 334 participants
Low

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.21, 0.48]
8037 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

DMFT · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

DMFS measured at between 1 and 2 years of · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 443 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

dmft measured at more than 1 year of · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
99481 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

dmfs measured at two years · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 500 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

DMFT · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

DMFS · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

dmft measured up to 1 year · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 114 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

dmfs measured at between 1 year and 2 years of · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 543 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

DMFT measured at up to 1 year post intervention · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1458 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

DMFS · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

dmfs · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

DMFS · children

1 finding from 1 review

Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported