Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,545 questions · 2,661 findings · 317 reviews

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No studies found 608 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 505 · 19%Very low 695 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.3%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

Adverse events · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

It is very uncertain whether surgery alone changes adverse events compared with pharmacological therapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.47]
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

All‐cause mortality · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

Surgery for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

Non‐surgical therapy for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

Health‐related quality of life Mean AcroQoL score (0‐100) · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

Surgery alone showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life Mean AcroQoL score (0‐100) compared with pharmacological therapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 10
1 study · 22 participants
Low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events)… compared with needs‐based intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.46]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

QoL · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early (events)… compared with needs‐based intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.26, 1.28]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: one active intervention vs other active intervention

ADL outcome · people with stroke

2 findings from 1 review

Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 186 participants
Low
Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 451 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: one active intervention vs other active intervention

3.1.3 Includes musculoskeletal versus does not include musculoskeletal Independence in ADL scales Immediate outcomes · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 103 participants
Low

Summary of findings: one active intervention vs other active intervention

3.2.1 Includes functional training versus does not include functional training Motor function scales Immediate outcomes · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 188 participants
Low

Summary of findings: one active intervention vs other active intervention

3.2.2 Includes neurophysiological versus does not include neurophysiological Motor function scales Immediate outcomes · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 506 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: one active intervention vs other active intervention

3.2.3 Includes musculoskeletal versus does not include musculoskeletal Motor function scales Immediate outcomes · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 81 participants
Low

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs active control

Healing of osteonecrosis - improvement ('healed' or 'improved' vs 'unchanged' or 'worse') · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Non-surgical interventions vs Surgical interventions

Outcome not reported · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
Non-surgical versus surgical interventions: no trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

School-based interventions may reduce dental plaque scores (SMD -0.32, favouring intervention), but the certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income… 2022 All outcomes
Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer) · Primary schools in low- and middle-income countries (Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, eastern Mediterranean)
SMD -0.32 [-0.46, -0.18]
7 studies · 3339 participants
Very low

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Oral hygiene measured by mean gingival scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

The effect of school-based interventions on gingival scores is uncertain and not statistically significant (SMD 0.12; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income… 2022 All outcomes
Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer) · Primary schools in low- and middle-income countries (Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, eastern Mediterranean)
SMD 0.12 [-0.32, 0.55]
3 studies · 1573 participants
Very low