Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

842 questions · 924 findings · 54 reviews

No studies found 215 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 127 · 13.7%Very low 212 · 22.9%Low 208 · 22.5%Moderate 130 · 14.1%High 32 · 3.5%

Slum / urban-disadvantaged setting vs Non-slum urban setting

Self-perceived (self-rated) oral health status · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs

Most participants reported positive perceptions of oral health, despite observed disease burden.

1 finding from 1 review

Slum / urban-disadvantaged setting vs Non-slum urban / general-urban / national population

Use of alternative/indigenous mouth-cleaning implements · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs

Indigenous/alternative cleaning tools and home remedies are widely used, more so in rural/slum groups; ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) · children under 5 years of age

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles/MMR) ‐ household monetary incentivef · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ service‐level monetary incentiveg · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ household + service‐level monetary incentive · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review