Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence
It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 12 months of… compared with urotherapy alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy may leads to higher main analysis (all pharmacotherapy): smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether reduction and pharmacotherapy changes subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy probably leads to higher subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐reported pain · children aged 2‐19 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing venipuncture, immunization,…
1 finding from 1 review
Observer‐reported distress · children aged 3‐18 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing immunization, intravenous…
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 3‐18 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing immunization, intravenous…
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioral measures‐ distress · children aged 3‐18 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing immunization, intravenous…
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐reported pain · children aged 3‐16 years with chronic illness (cancer) or generally healthy undergoing bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures,…
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐reported distress · children aged 3‐16 years with chronic illness (cancer) or generally healthy undergoing bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures,…
1 finding from 1 review
Observer‐reported pain · children aged 3‐16 years with chronic illness (cancer) or generally healthy undergoing bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Observer‐reported distress · children aged 3‐16 years with chronic illness (cancer) or generally healthy undergoing bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures,…
1 finding from 1 review