Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,018 questions · 3,100 findings · 369 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 774 · 25%GRADE not reported 108 · 3.5%Very low 727 · 23.5%Low 840 · 27.1%Moderate 474 · 15.3%High 177 · 5.7%

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

Progression‐free survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… changes progression‐free survival compared with BSC (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… changes toxicity compared with BSC (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Overall survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Progression‐free survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… may leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Overall survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Progression‐free survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

Summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Overall survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Progression‐free survival · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Toxicity · palliative participants with esophageal and GE‐junction carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol

Incidence of clinical tumour lysis syndrome · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome

Summary of findings: urate oxidase showed no clear difference in incidence of clinical tumour lysis syndrome ( compared with allopurinol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol

Mortality due to tumour lysis syndrome · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome

Summary of findings: urate oxidase may leads to lower mortality due to tumour lysis syndrome ( compared with allopurinol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review