Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Hospital admissions · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Very low

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Cost‐effectiveness · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (GRADUALLY INCREASED DRUG‐FREE PERIODS) changes leaving the study early/ loss to compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.12 [0.7, 6.37]
3 studies · 257 participants
Very low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 133 participants
Low
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 77 participants
Low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) changes adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as… compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [0.82, 3.3]
2 studies · 50 participants
Very low
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.58, 2.3]
4 studies · 165 participants
Low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Cost‐effectiveness · patients with schizophrenia

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) changes leaving the study early/ loss to compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.2]
2 studies · 62 participants
Very low
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.63 [1.23, 2.15]
10 studies · 996 participants
Low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE changes relapse: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.23, 0.57]
2 studies · 288 participants
Very low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Hospital admissions · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Global state Global Assessment Scale (GAS) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: medium term (13‐25 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Cost‐effectiveness · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE changes leaving the study early/ loss to compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [1.28, 3.01]
2 studies · 90 participants
Very low

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) may leads to higher relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.33 [1.32, 4.12]
2 studies · 155 participants
Low

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Hospital admissions · patients with schizophrenia

INTERMITTENT (EARLY‐BASED) probably leads to higher hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.33, 2.08]
5 studies · 625 participants
Moderate