Side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading to a reduction in dose or withholding of methylxanthines№ of participants: 30(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.32]
Studies not reported
Very low
Length of hospital stay · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Seizures · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Moderate‐severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 26 months ‐ not measured · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cerebral palsy · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
b) Gross motor disability defined as ≥ level 2 according to the GMFCS · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: cognitive delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.37]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: language delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.76 [0.37, 1.58]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: motor delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.5 [0.13, 1.96]
Studies not reported
Very low
d) Mental development IQ > 2 SD below the mean · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Visual impairment · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Necrotising enterocolitis prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants
The intervention may leads to lower necrotising enterocolitis prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Feed intolerance prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants
The intervention may leads to lower feed intolerance prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Invasive infection prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants
The intervention probably leads to higher invasive infection prior to hospital discharge (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Combined outcome of mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes combined outcome of mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality at 36 weeks' PMA · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes mortality at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Open‐label use of systemic corticosteroids · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes open‐label use of systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions versus comparisons
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found