What do systematic reviews say?

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral health attitudes (1-7 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.04 [-0.04, 0.12]
  1 study · 1607 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: probing pocket depth (mm) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (moderate certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.03 [-0.12, 0.06]
  1 study · 270 participants
  Moderate

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.24 [-1.55, 1.07]
  1 study · 305 participants
  High

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -0.37 [-1.69, 0.95]
  1 study · 298 participants
  High

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 13.77 [-1.56, 29.11]
  1 study · 2006 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in cost (patient perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -9.49 [-23.05, 4.07]
  1 study · 1944 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in oral health behaviour (1-9 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.00 [-0.03, 0.03]
  1 study · 308 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

It is very uncertain whether clinical examination with 24-month recall changes dental caries: dmfs increment (primary teeth) compared with clinical examination with 12-month recall (very low certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years · 3-5 year olds (primary teeth)
  MD 0.90 [-0.16, 1.96]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Very low

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD -16.00 [-51.76, 19.76]
  1 study · 404 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall probably leads to higher periodontal disease: probing pocket depth (mm) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (moderate certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.10 [0.01, 0.19]
  1 study · 279 participants
  Moderate

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall led to higher patient satisfaction with actual care received (1-7 scale) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall; GRADE not reported.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.16 [0.01, 0.31]
  1 study · 304 participants
  GRADE not reported

Resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

• Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Splieth 2001: total time for sealing and resealing two teeth averaged 29 minutes over 2 years (about 17 minutes initial sealants); each fluoride varnish application under 3 minutes (total 9 minutes).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 12-month recall

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Summary of findings 1 lists 'Oral-health-related quality of life: Not reported' for the 24-month versus 12-month comparison (Wang 1992 did not measure it).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

• Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Splieth 2001: whole-mouth mean DMFS increased from 0.2 to 0.6 after 1 year and to 1.1 after 2 years; most caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars (50.9%).
  1 study · 92 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: probing pocket depth (mm) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

• Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  MD 0.03 [-0.01, 0.07]
  1 study · 1463 participants
  High

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs control vaccine

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  6
  2 studies · 39530 participants
  Moderate

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs control vaccine

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 944 participants
  Low

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs control vaccine

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1666 participants
  Low

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs control vaccine

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  6
  2 studies · 12454 participants
  Low

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine vs control vaccine

• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  34
  1 study · 4968 participants
  Moderate