Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Global state ‐ relapse or worsening ‐ medium term Numbers of participants experiencing relapse/worsening · patients with schizophrenia

TRIFLUOPERAZINE may leads to lower global state ‐ relapse or worsening ‐ medium term Numbers of… compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Mental state ‐ any clinically significant response in psychotic symptoms (as defined by each study) ‐ medium term Numbers of participants experiencing 'intensified symptoms' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes mental state ‐ any clinically significant response in psychotic… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes leaving the study early ‐ any reason ‐ medium term Number of… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving the studies due to severe adverse effects · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Behaviour ‐ any clinically significant agitation or distress ‐ medium term As defined by each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes behaviour ‐ any clinically significant agitation or distress ‐… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

User‐held information vs standard information

Psychiatric hospital admission: psychiatric admission Numbers admitted · patients with routine care of people with severe mental illness

User‐held information showed no clear difference in psychiatric hospital admission: psychiatric admission Numbers admitted compared with standard information (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

User‐held information vs standard information

Psychiatric hospital admission: compulsory admission Numbers admitted · patients with routine care of people with severe mental illness

User‐held information showed no clear difference in psychiatric hospital admission: compulsory admission Numbers admitted compared with standard information (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs placebo

Global state: relapse medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether PIMOZIDE changes global state: relapse medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Mental state: presence of first‐rank symptoms medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE showed no clear difference in mental state: presence of first‐rank symptoms medium term (3‐12… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism (tremor) medium term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs antipsychotics

Quality of life: no significant change in quality of life/satisfaction medium term (3‐12 months) not reported · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE + ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs antipsychotics

Global state: relapse medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

PIMOZIDE + ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC may leads to lower global state: relapsemedium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review