Intervention not reported
Varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral intervention ‐ (repeated point prevalence abstinence (not even a puff/chew/session in the last 7 days) at each of weeks 5, 12, and 25 (combined), verified by CO cutoff < 10 ppm) · people who use waterpipe
The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral intervention alone (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
121 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.94 [0.94, 4]
86 participants
Very low
Death · patients on HD with HCV infection
Standard interferon showed no clear difference in death compared with placebo or control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sustained virological response · patients on HD with HCV infection
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in sustained virological response 6 months after stopping treatment compared with standard interferon (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with standard interferon (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection
Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard interferon (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection
High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon alpha‐2a compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (low certainty).
4 findings from 1 review
RR 5.66 [0.69, 46.31]
1 study · 81 participants
Low
RR 1.12 [0.4, 2.21]
1 study · 43 participants
Low
RR 1.19 [0.79, 1.78]
1 study · 81 participants
Low
Show 1 more finding
PEG interferon (alpha‐2b) · patients on HD with HCV infection
High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon alpha‐2b compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
PEG interferon (combined) · patients on HD with HCV infection
High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon (combined) compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 4.3 [0.76, 24.33]
2 studies · 97 participants
Moderate
RR 1.12 [0.4, 2.21]
1 study · 43 participants
Low
RR 1.05 [0.61, 1.83]
2 studies · 97 participants
Moderate
End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Relapse Number of participants having recurrence after stopping · patients on HD with HCV infection
Standard interferon showed no clear difference in relapse(recurrence after stopping intervention) compared with placebo or control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Death · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Relapse Number of participants having recurrence after stopping · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
End‐of‐treatment response · patients on HD with HCV infection
Standard interferon probably leads to higher end‐of‐treatment response compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review