Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.11, 1.69]
1 study · 2020 participants
Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

Medication appropriateness · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 947 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The number of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2404 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potentially… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.98]
13 studies · 4534 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The number of potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 691 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potential prescribing omission (PPO) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potential prescribing… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.27, 0.91]
7 studies · 2765 participants
Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

Hospital admissions · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 4797 participants
Low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

Quality of life · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 7458 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Function in the short term · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Function in the long term Measured using AOFAS score (0 to 100, higher scores indicate improved function) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 319 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Chronic pain · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical may leads to lower chronic pain Measured as number of people experiencing pain compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.37, 0.84]
4 studies · 175 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 192 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Return to work · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical showed no clear difference in return to work compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [0.94, 1.68]
5 studies · 250 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar arthrodesis · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical showed no clear difference in complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar… compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.09, 1.53]
3 studies · 657 participants
Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Complications not requiring unplanned return to theatre Superficial infection (affecting only participants who had surgical treatment) · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 847 participants
Low