Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,808 questions · 8,953 findings · 827 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,891 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 380 · 4.2%Very low 2,100 · 23.5%Low 2,449 · 27.4%Moderate 1,684 · 18.8%High 449 · 5%

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COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Adverse event: Death · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Relapse · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing changes relapse:* Relapse at 3 months after 9 months of treatment compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review