Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Live birth · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [0.26, 8.82] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Miscarriage · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.05, 18.57] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Viable intrauterine pregnancy · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.25 [0.38, 13.47] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Ectopic pregnancy · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.16 [0.01, 3.85] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Stillbirth · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Day 5 vs day 3 embryo biopsy Termination of pregnancy · people having preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects Day 5 versus day 3 embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (2022) · Cochrane | OR 3.32 [0.12, 91.6] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Live birth rate per woman randomised · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.32 [0.4, 4.43] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Number of women with at least one oocyte retrieved per woman randomised · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 5.67 [1.54, 20.83] | 2 studies · 148 participants | Low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Mean number of oocytes retrieved · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1153 participants | Low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Embryo transfer achieved per woman randomised · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.32 [1.08, 4.96] | 4 studies · 214 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Mean units gonadotropin used · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 685 participants | Low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Adverse events · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 512 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomised · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [0.49, 6.5] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Number of women with at least one oocyte retrieved per woman randomised · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.86 [0.11, 74.31] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Mean number of oocytes retrieved · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Embryo transfer achieved per woman randomised · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 7.36 [0.36, 151.91] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Mean units of gonadotrophin used · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: routine use Adverse events · women with infertility Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Live birth rate per woman randomised · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.77 [1.17, 2.7] | 8 studies · 737 participants | Very low |
Adjuvant growth hormone vs no adjuvant: poor responders Clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomised · women with infertility subclassified as poor responders Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.85 [1.35, 2.53] | 11 studies · 1033 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Effectiveness Woman's perception (proportion with improvement in bleeding symptoms) · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.84, 0.95] | 2 studies · 247 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Acceptability Proportion satisfied with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.85, 0.94] | 1 study · 558 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Safety Any serious adverse event · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.35, 1.59] | 4 studies · 809 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Time to return to normal activity · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 99 participants | Ungraded |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Effectiveness Proportion of women with perception of improvement of bleeding symptoms · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.83, 0.95] | 2 studies · 403 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Quality of life SF‐36 general health perception · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 209 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Proportion with improvement in general health · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.77, 0.95] | 1 study · 185 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Requirement for further surgery for treatment failure · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 374 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Acceptability Proportion satisfied with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.04] | 3 studies · 545 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Safety Any serious adverse event · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.06, 0.8] | 2 studies · 374 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection/ablation vs unspecified (or at surgeon's discretion) route of hysterectomy Time to return to normal activity · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 172 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Quality of life SF‐36 at 2 years – general health perception · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 155 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Requirement for further surgery for treatment failure within 1 year after surgery · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Acceptability Proportion satisfied with treatment · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.82, 1] | 1 study · 194 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Safety Any serious adverse events · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.32, 5.2] | 2 studies · 247 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs open hysterectomy Time to return to normal activity · HMB Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 194 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Effectiveness · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04] | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Quality of life · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 145 participants | Moderate |
Endometrial resection or ablation vs minimally invasive hysterectomy Requirement for further surgery for treatment failure within 1 year after surgery · heavy menstrual bleeding Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding (2021) · Cochrane | RR 7.7 [2.54, 23.32] | 4 studies · 922 participants | Moderate |
Varicocele treatment vs non‐surgical, delayed, or no treatment Live birth · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.27 [0.19, 26.93] | 2 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Surgical treatment vs radiological treatment Quality of life · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical treatment vs other surgical treatment Live birth · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical treatment vs other surgical treatment Adverse events · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical treatment vs other surgical treatment Pregnancy · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical treatment vs other surgical treatment Varicocele recurrence · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical treatment vs other surgical treatment Quality of life · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiological treatment vs radiological treatment Live birth · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiological treatment vs radiological treatment Adverse events · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiological treatment vs radiological treatment Pregnancy · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiological treatment vs radiological treatment Varicocele recurrence · Varicoceles in subfertile men Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.16, 6.2] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |