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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

775 questions in 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

current versions

No studies 166 · 21.4%Ungraded 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions vs usual care Rate of falls Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 44664 participants	Low
Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions vs usual care Risk of falling Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09]	3 studies · 39889 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions vs usual care Risk of fracture Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.14, 4.1]	2 studies · 4615 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Multifactorial interventions vs usual care Adverse events Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 39763 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Exercise vs usual care Risk of fracture Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.88 [0.25, 3.14]	1 study · 183 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: Exercise vs usual care Adverse events Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1032 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: General medication review vs usual care Rate of falls Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 2409 participants	Low
Summary of findings: General medication review vs usual care Risk of falling Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.8, 1.09]	6 studies · 5139 participants	Low
Summary of findings: General medication review vs usual care Risk of fracture Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.6 [0.28, 9.16]	1 study · 93 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: General medication review vs usual care Adverse events Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.01]	1 study · 93 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Rate of falls Length of · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 4512 participants	Moderate
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Rate of falls (falls per person years) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.77 [0.67, 0.87]	19 studies · 5853 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more falls · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.26 [0.01, 5.52]	1 study · 51 participants	Very low
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Adverse effects · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Rate of falls (falls per person years) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.74 [0.6, 0.91]	6 studies · 1085 participants	Moderate
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining one or more falls · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.9]	11 studies · 1980 participants	Moderate
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.81 [0.63, 1.05]	4 studies · 662 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining one or more falls · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03]	29 studies · 9637 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.32]	2 studies · 232 participants	Very low
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 3.06 [0.65, 14.42]	1 study · 99 participants	Very low
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.35]	1 study · 291 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 391 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Rate of falls (falls per person years) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.92 [0.77, 1.1]	1 study · 191 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more falls · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.78, 1.1]	3 studies · 863 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that require hospital admission · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.95 [0.52, 7.41]	1 study · 97 participants	Very low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as 2 or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.74, 1.03]	12 studies · 3368 participants	Low
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that require medical attention · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01]	9 studies · 2850 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.92, 1.07]	15 studies · 5227 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.91 [0.75, 1.1]	8 studies · 3078 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 2373 participants	Low
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Rate of falls (falls per person years) · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.13 [0.01, 2.46]	1 study · 51 participants	Very low
Summary of findings. Removable splintage vs cast Physical function (short‐term): measured using the Modified Activities Scale for Kids ‐ performance version (0 to 100; best function; no disability) (4 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 65 participants	Low
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Serious adverse events (3 to 4 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 139 participants	Ungraded
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Time to return to former activities · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Pain with VAS (0 to 100; worst pain) at 1 week · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 89 participants	Very low
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 92 participants	Ungraded
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Participant satisfaction: children found treatment was convenient (4 weeks · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	RR 6.61 [2.31, 18.96]	1 study · 39 participants	Very low
Summary of findings. Below‐elbow vs above‐elbow cast Physical function (short‐term; under 3 months) · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or… Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies