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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
767 questions in 53 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 19.4%Ungraded 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
MET vs all other therapies Functional status Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
MET vs all other therapies General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET vs all other therapies Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention Functional status Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 232 participants | Low |
MET vs all other therapies CI: confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Pain A 0 to 100 visual analogue scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Functional status Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone CI: confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Pain A 0 to 100 visual analogue scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Functional status Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs that same intervention alone CI: confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention Pain A 0 to 100 visual analogue scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention Functional status Oswestry; 100‐point scale where 0 equals no disability and 100 is seriously disabled · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention CI: confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET plus any intervention vs other therapies plus that intervention CI: confidence interval · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET vs sham MET Pain A 0 to 100 visual analogue scale, where 0 equals no pain at all and 100 is the worst pain imaginable · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
MET vs sham MET Functional status · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET vs sham MET General well‐being · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MET vs sham MET Adverse events · patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP) Muscle energy technique for non‐specific low‐back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Standardized Disability Index (0 to 100) Bilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RDQ, ODI) · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 294 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS back (0 to 10) Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of postoperative instability · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.07, 1.15] | 3 studies · 166 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of perioperative complications · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.24, 2.2] | 3 studies · 173 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Standardised Disability Index (0 to 100) Split‐spinous process laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery Split‐spinous process laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery was defined as 'good' or 'excellent' self‐perceived recovery · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS leg (0 to 10) Split‐spinous process laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS back (0 to 10) Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of postoperative instability · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: split‐spinous process laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of perioperative complications · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.21 [0.2, 7.16] | 3 studies · 141 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery Bilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery was defined as 'good' or 'excellent' self‐perceived recovery · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 5.69 [2.55, 12.71] | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS leg (0 to 10) Bilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS back (0 to 10) Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of postoperative instability · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.1 [0.02, 0.55] | 3 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Incidence of perioperative complications · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.07, 1.59] | 3 studies · 293 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Standardised Disability Index (0 to 100) Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 166 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy Satisfactory recovery was defined as 'good' or 'excellent' self‐perceived recovery · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.37, 2.98] | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: unilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy VAS leg (0 to 10) Unilateral laminotomy compared with conventional laminectomy · patients with lumbar stenosis Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain NRS: scale from 0 to 100 (worse pain) · patients with low back pain Pilates for low back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain NRS: scale from 0 to 100 (worse pain) · participants with low back pain Pilates for low back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 181 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain NRS: scale from 0 to 100 (worse pain) · participants with low back pain Pilates for low back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · participants with low back pain Pilates for low back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 149 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · participants with low back pain Pilates for low back pain (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 151 participants | Moderate |