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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

613 questions · 659 findings · 29 reviews · Orthodontics

No studies found 186 · 28.2%GRADE not reported 294 · 44.6%Very low 87 · 13.2%Low 68 · 10.3%Moderate 21 · 3.2%High 3 · 0.5%

Any orthodontic (non-surgical) treatment to correct posterior crossbite or expand the top teeth vs No treatment or another orthodontic treatment

Signs and symptoms of respiratory disease · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction

Effect of severity of PDC displacement towards the midline on the proportion of successful eruptions · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
1 finding from 1 review

Removable tooth-borne expansion (expansion plate) vs observation

Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Removable tooth-borne expansion (expansion plate) leads to higher crossbite correction compared with observation (no treatment) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) vs Fixed tooth-tissue-borne expansion (Haas)

Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) showed no clear difference in crossbite correction compared with fixed tooth-tissue-borne expansion (Haas) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Two-band palatal expander with slow expansion vs Two-band palatal expander with rapid expansion

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    7 months after start of treatment
    Martina 2012: slow 6.3 mm (SD 2.1) vs rapid 5.7 mm (SD 1.6); reported as no statistically significant difference in text (PUB2 MD 0.60, 95% CI -0.85 to 2.05); Table 1 lists P<0.001 (discrepant)
    1 study · 26 participants
    GRADE not reported

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

Reported improvement in the position of the ectopic canine measured from radiographs · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether lower lip bumper changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular incisor crowding) at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 10 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether cervical pull headgear changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

Root resorption of adjacent permanent teeth caused by the PDC · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth… showed no clear difference in root resorption of adjacent permanent teeth caused by the PDC compared with no extraction (non-intervention control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (quad-helix) vs observation

Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (quad-helix) leads to higher crossbite correction compared with observation (no treatment) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (quad-helix) vs observation

Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (quad-helix) may leads to higher canine expansion (inter-canine distance) compared with observation (no treatment) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

Effect of severity of PDC displacement towards the midline on the proportion of successful eruptions · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
1 finding from 1 review

Vibrational appliance with fixed appliances vs Fixed appliances

Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether vibrational appliance with fixed appliances changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 10 to 30 weeks compared with fixed appliances only / no vibrational appliance (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bone-borne expansion vs Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax)

Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Bone-borne expansion showed no clear difference in crossbite correction compared with fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction

Incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction showed no clear difference in incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned compared with single primary (canine) tooth extraction; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Lower incisors to mandible (position, mm) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to higher lower incisors to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Nickel-titanium archwire vs Stainless steel archwire

Amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether nickel-titanium archwire changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks compared with stainless steel archwire (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review