Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nigerian cross-sectional study reported a significant adjusted association between nutritional (stunting) status and ECC (APR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.69); ungraded.
4 findings from 1 review
APR 0.14 [0.03, 0.69]
1 study · 370 participants
GRADE not reported
Correlation (r) -0.091
1 study · 82 participants
GRADE not reported
The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. 2023 All outcomes2-year follow-up · Ecuador (rural) · Sokal-Gutierrez et al. 2016 (Ecuador; pre vs post intervention)
Pre/post ECC prevalence, dmft, and deep-caries proportion (2-year follow-up) Age 1: prevalence 53.8% to 30.3%, dmft 2.1 to 0.9; Age 2: prevalence 82% to 60%, dmft 5.3 to 3.0, deep caries 19% to 12% (pre vs post)
1 study · 1575 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · Children aged 1–6 years
The review reported lower body mass index-for-age z scores in children with mouth pain.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in height-for-age z score · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
The association between baseline caries and declining height-for-age persisted after adjustment (coefficient -0.02); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · Children aged 1–6 years
The review reported lower body mass index-for-age z scores in children with pulp-involved caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in height-for-age z score · Preschool children (<6 years)
The review reported an unadjusted negative association between baseline caries and change in height-for-age z score.
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nepalese cross-sectional study found caries severity significantly correlated with chronic malnutrition/stunting (HAZ; p<0.0001), especially in rural children; ungraded, no effect size reported.
3 findings from 1 review
Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Children aged 1–6 years
The review reported lower weight-for-age z scores in children with pulp-involved caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Risk of malnutrition (younger children, 6 months to 6 years) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nepalese cross-sectional study found no significant association between severe ECC and malnutrition risk in children under 6 (mean difference 0.13, p=0.609); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality related to COVID‐19 · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Deep vein thrombosis · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
It is very uncertain whether anticoagulants changes deep vein thrombosis compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pulmonary embolism · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
It is very uncertain whether anticoagulants changes pulmonary embolism compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Major bleeding · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
It is very uncertain whether anticoagulants changes major bleeding compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (minor bleeding) · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Necessity for additional respiratory support · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
It is very uncertain whether higher‐dose anticoagulants changes necessity for additional respiratory support compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality related to COVID‐19 · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Deep vein thrombosis · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in deep vein thrombosis compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pulmonary embolism · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
Higher‐dose anticoagulants probably leads to lower pulmonary embolism compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Major bleeding · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
Higher‐dose anticoagulants probably leads to higher major bleeding compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (minor bleeding) · people hospitalised with COVID‐19
Higher‐dose anticoagulants leads to higher adverse events (minor bleeding) compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review