Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

696 questions · 700 findings · 53 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 107 · 15.3%GRADE not reported 151 · 21.6%Very low 144 · 20.6%Low 178 · 25.4%Moderate 97 · 13.9%High 23 · 3.3%

Intervention not reported

Mean oxygen tension (mm Hg) in umbilical vein (UvPO2) · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 683 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Early acute postoperative pain (within 6 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
36 studies · 2032 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) · adults undergoing surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [0.49, 3.3]
1 study · 76 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) · adults undergoing surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.65, 1.22]
8 studies · 456 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Late acute postoperative pain (24‐48 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 1441 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1323 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Time to first analgesic request (mean time in minutes) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 410 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adults undergoing surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) · adults undergoing surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.34, 2.94]
2 studies · 100 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) · adults undergoing surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.52, 1.38]
5 studies · 228 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Late acute postoperative pain (24‐48 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 1645 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 854 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Time to first analgesic request (mean time in minutes) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 975 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Early acute postoperative pain (within 6 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1140 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events (Re‐operation for bleeding (reoperation for major bleeding within 30 days (yes/no))) · adults undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events (Re‐operation for bleeding (reoperation for major… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.95 [0.18, 20.68]
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Immediate postoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured approximately 90 minutes after surgery or in recovery room 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 176 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured 1 hour and 6 hours after surgery 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Immediate postoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured after surgery, in recovery, or at discharge from recovery room 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 524 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Delayed postoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI (20 to 80) measured 6 hours after surgery 20: no anxiety 80: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 73 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured 1 hour and 6 hours after surgery 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Low