Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

245 questions · 245 findings · 20 reviews · Public Health

No studies found 55 · 22.4%GRADE not reported 26 · 10.6%Very low 92 · 37.6%Low 54 · 22%Moderate 18 · 7.3%High 0 · 0%

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Spina bifida · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes spina bifida compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Encephalocoele · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes encephalocoele compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Fatal anencephaly · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes fatal anencephaly compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review