Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

313 questions · 352 findings · 23 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 16 · 4.5%GRADE not reported 34 · 9.7%Very low 113 · 32.1%Low 117 · 33.2%Moderate 57 · 16.2%High 15 · 4.3%

Music intervention plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care

Motivation to stay sober/clean · people with substance use disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 258 participants
Moderate

Music intervention plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care

Retention in treatment · people with substance use disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Music intervention plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care

Serious adverse events · people with substance use disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Music intervention plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care

Psychological outcomes (depression) · people with substance use disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Moderate

Music intervention plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care

Craving · people with substance use disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 232 participants
Low

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) leads to higher abstinence compared with other clinical interventions (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [1.03, 1.42]
2 studies · 1936 participants
High
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.09, 1.43]
2692 participants
Very low

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

2 findings from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
201 participants
Very low
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1516 participants
Moderate

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

2 findings from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
647 participants
Very low
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1762 participants
Moderate

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Addiction Severity Index alcohol score · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

2 findings from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
201 participants
Very low
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
112 participants
Low

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) vs other clinical interventions and a different type of TSF

Healthcare cost savings( · alcohol use disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 5348 participants
Moderate

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF)… showed no clear difference in abstinence compared with other clinical interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [0.7, 4.18]
1 study · 93 participants
Low

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

1 finding from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 93 participants
Very low

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions

Addiction Severity Index alcohol score · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Depression score · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 212 participants
Very low
Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 181 participants
Very low

Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Percent of days abstinent · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 220 participants
Very low
Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 189 participants
Very low

Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Retention in treatment · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

It is very uncertain whether integrated CBT changes treatment retention compared with twelve Step Facilitation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.72, 1.25]
2 studies · 296 participants
Very low

Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Number of treatment sessions attended Scale from: 0 to 36 · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 270 participants
Very low

Therapeutic community vs treatment

Criminal activity ‐ Re‐arrests · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems

Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐arrests compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.84]
2 studies · 266 participants
Moderate

Mental health treatment court with assertive case management model vs treatment

Drug use · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 235 participants
Low