Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

447 questions · 450 findings · 38 reviews

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No studies found 31 · 6.9%GRADE not reported 29 · 6.4%Very low 37 · 8.2%Low 133 · 29.6%Moderate 166 · 36.9%High 54 · 12%

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2660(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.77, 2.36]
2 studies · 2660 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 2540(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 2540(2 RCTs) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.51, 1.4]
2 studies · 2540 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 5004(4 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.58, 1.27]
4 studies · 5004 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 3472(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants:… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.31, 1.05]
3 studies · 3472 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.76, 1.42]
6 studies · 8192 participants
High

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 5949(7 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 5949(7… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.06]
7 studies · 5949 participants
High

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3188(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3188(3… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.91, 1]
3 studies · 3188 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2039(2… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.85, 1]
2 studies · 2039 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2659(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2659(2… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.83, 1.18]
2 studies · 2659 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 5004(4 RCTs)

The intervention leads to lower all cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 5004(4… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.87, 0.96]
4 studies · 5004 participants
High

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 3473(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause AEs ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 3473(3 RCTs) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.9, 1.02]
3 studies · 3473 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs)

The intervention leads to lower all cause AEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.9, 0.96]
6 studies · 8192 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Moderate to severe exacerbations ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 5452(6 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.82, 1.05]
6 studies · 5452 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of participants: 5969(7 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS LABA№ of… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.68, 1.48]
7 studies · 5969 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3205(3 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes dropouts due to adverse event ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.08, 2.14]
3 studies · 3205 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2670(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.19, 1.18]
2 studies · 2670 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2668(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.76, 2.02]
2 studies · 2668 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 5018(4 RCTs)

The intervention leads to lower dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.38, 0.95]
4 studies · 5018 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 1765(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.29, 3.44]
2 studies · 1765 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8223(5 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.33, 1.03]
5 studies · 8223 participants
Moderate