Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

229 questions · 612 findings · 24 reviews

No studies found 6 · 1%GRADE not reported 568 · 92.8%Very low 24 · 3.9%Low 10 · 1.6%Moderate 4 · 0.7%High 0 · 0%

GERD/NERD vs Healthy individuals without reflux (controls)

Oral mucosa inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, mucosal lesions) · Adults with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)

The association between reflux and oral mucosa inflammation (gingivitis/periodontitis) is inconsistent across five studies and remains ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Placebo rinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

Lactobacillus count (pre- vs post-treatment) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Placebo rinse did not significantly change Lactobacillus counts relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

Lactobacillus count (pre- vs post-treatment) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced Lactobacillus counts relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthrinse

Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

When usual mechanical plaque control continued, Salvadora persica and chlorhexidine did not differ significantly for plaque; not GRADE-rated.

8 findings from 1 review
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Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthrinse

Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica was less effective than 0.2% chlorhexidine at reducing plaque (favours chlorhexidine); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse

Lactobacillus count (CFU/mL) · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced Lactobacillus counts more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review