Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,121 questions · 2,186 findings · 242 reviews

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No studies found 493 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 158 · 7.2%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.7%High 97 · 4.4%

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Hearing · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Antibiotics may leads to lower presence/persistence of OME (up to 3 months) № of participants: 542… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.8]
Studies not reported
Low

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Adverse event: anaphylaxis · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · people with active UC

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.74, 1.06]
7 studies · 608 participants
High

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Failure to induce clinical response at end of study · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes failure to induce clinical response at end of study compared with 5‐ASA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.2 [1.17, 4.14]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active UC

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs probiotic

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with probiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.23, 0.94]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Antibiotics vs probiotic

Failure to induce clinical response at end of study · people with active UC

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs probiotic

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs probiotic

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active UC

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Failure to maintain clinical remission at end of study · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes failure to maintain clinical remission at end of study compared with 5‐ASA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.06]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Failure to maintain clinical response · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs placebo

Failure to induce clinical response at end of study · people with active UC

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in failure to induce clinical response at end of study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.47, 1.22]
3 studies · 343 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · of active and inactive people with ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.29, 1.07]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Failure to induce clinical response at end of study · of active and inactive people with ulcerative colitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Serious adverse events · of active and inactive people with ulcerative colitis

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported