Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

473 questions · 480 findings · 60 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 100 · 20.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.6%Very low 104 · 21.7%Low 129 · 26.9%Moderate 106 · 22.1%High 38 · 7.9%

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of… showed no clear difference in failure to induce clinical remission at week 10 compared with placebo and two infusions of infliximab (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab

Adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of… showed no clear difference in adverse events up to week 10 compared with placebo and two infusions of infliximab (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab

Withdrawals due to adverse outcomes · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of… showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events up to week 10 compared with placebo and two infusions of infliximab (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab

Serious adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events up to week 10 compared with placebo and two infusions of infliximab (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants infectious at day 8 · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg may leads to lower participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with severe haemolysis · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with severe haemolysis compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants infectious at day 8 · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 8, by PCR · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 4‐5, by microscopy · adults and children with malaria being treated with non‐artemisinin treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 4‐5, by microscopy compared with no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 8, by microscopy · adults and children with malaria being treated with non‐artemisinin treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg probably leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8, by microscopy compared with no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner,

Participants infectious at day 8 · adults and children with malaria being treated with non‐artemisinin treatment

It is very uncertain whether single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg changes participants infectious at day 5 compared with no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner, (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 5, by microscopy · adults and children with malaria being treated with non‐artemisinin treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 5, by microscopy compared with no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 8, by microscopy · adults and children with malaria being treated with non‐artemisinin treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg probably leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8, by microscopy compared with no primaquine, with non‐artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3 to 4 by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 8, by PCR · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg leads to lower participants with gametocytes at day 8 by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with severe haemolysis · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with severe haemolysis compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants infectious at day 8 · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg may leads to lower participants infectious at day 3‐4 compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review