What do systematic reviews say?

Low‐dose colchicine vs NSAIDs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low‐dose colchicine vs placebo

• Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 133 participants
  GRADE not reported

Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet

It is very uncertain whether low FODMAP diet changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with sham diet (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [0.18, 19.19]
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet

It is very uncertain whether low FODMAPs diet changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with sham diet (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

Swallowed fluticasone vs prednisone

It is very uncertain whether swallowed fluticasone changes withdrawals due to adverse events at 4 weeks compared with oral prednisone (very low certainty).

• Medical treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.16, 1.53]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs placebo

Uric acid‐lowering drug showed no clear difference in adverse events (withdrawals due to side effects) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.86 [0.43, 8.1]
  3 studies · 241 participants
  Low

Physical activity vs alpha‐blocker

Physical activity showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with alpha‐blockers (low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.06, 12.89]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Low

Physical activity vs watchful waiting

It is very uncertain whether physical activity changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with watchful waiting (very low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.59, 1.69]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Physical activity as part of self‐management programme vs watchful waiting

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 362 participants
  Very low

Physical activity as part of weight reduction programme vs watchful waiting

It is very uncertain whether physical activity as part of weight reduction programme changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with watchful waiting (very low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [1.03, 2.57]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

• Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.71 [0.42, 17.38]
  19 studies · 1347 participants
  Very low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

• Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  Very low

Anti‐TNF discontinuation vs anti‐TNF continuation

Anti‐TNF discontinuation showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with anti‐TNF continuation (moderate certainty).

• Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [0.75, 2.84]
  4 studies · 1116 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐TNF dose reduction vs anti‐TNF continuation

Anti‐TNF dose reduction showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with anti‐TNF continuation (low certainty).

• Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.51, 2.24]
  3 studies · 937 participants
  Low

Anti‐TNF disease activity–guided dose tapering vs anti‐TNF continuation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High dose 5‐ASA vs low dose 5‐ASA

High dose 5‐ASA showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with low dose 5‐ASA (low certainty).

• Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.15, 7.24]
  1 study · 206 participants
  Low

Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day vs placebo

Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [0.81, 2.47]
  Studies not reported
  Low

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

It is very uncertain whether high‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (very low certainty).

• Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.08]
  3 studies · 104 participants
  Very low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Risedronate 5 mg/day showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.18]
  Studies not reported
  Low

High‐dose vs low‐dose colchicine

• Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 126 participants
  GRADE not reported