Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

24 questions · 26 findings · 7 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3 · 11.5%GRADE not reported 4 · 15.4%Very low 4 · 15.4%Low 9 · 34.6%Moderate 3 · 11.5%High 3 · 11.5%

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) · people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity

It is very uncertain whether unfractionated heparin changes DVT (symptomatic, asymptomatic, non‐fatal) (5 to 8 days after surgery) compared with low molecular weight heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs active control

Symptomatic DVT · ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic DVT · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic DVT ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review