Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2 questions · 2 findings · 1 reviews

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 2 · 100%High 0 · 0%

Spontaneous vaginal delivery · women in the second stage of labour

Spontaneous pushing showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with directed pushing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.05]
5 studies · 688 participants
Moderate

Spontaneous vaginal delivery · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia

Delayed pushing probably leads to higher spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1.03, 1.11]
12 studies · 3114 participants
Moderate