Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 2 reviews · Tobacco Addiction

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 4 · 44.4%Moderate 1 · 11.1%High 3 · 33.3%

Varenicline vs placebo or no medication

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Varenicline leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with placebo or no medication (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.32 [2.15, 2.51]
41 studies · 17395 participants
High

Cytisine vs nicotine replacement therapy

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine may leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with nicotine replacement therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [1.13, 1.8]
1 study · 1310 participants
Low

Varenicline vs bupropion

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Varenicline leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with bupropion (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [1.25, 1.49]
9 studies · 7560 participants
High

Varenicline vs nicotine replacement therapy monotherapy

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Varenicline leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with nicotine replacement therapy monotherapy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.14, 1.37]
11 studies · 7572 participants
High

Varenicline vs combination nicotine replacement therapy

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Varenicline showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence at longest compared with combination nicotine replacement therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.87, 1.2]
5 studies · 2344 participants
Low

Varenicline vs e‐cigarettes

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who continued to smoke tobacco following acute coronary syndrome

It is very uncertain whether varenicline changes smoking abstinence at longest compared with e‐cigarettes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.25 [1.21, 8.71]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine probably leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with placebo or no medication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [1.15, 1.47]
4 studies · 4623 participants
Moderate

Cytisine vs varenicline

Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke

Cytisine showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence at longest compared with varenicline (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.79, 1.26]
2 studies · 2131 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Smoking abstinence at longest · People who smoke or who have recently quit

The intervention showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence at longest (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.96, 1.22]
21 studies · 6607 participants
Low