Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

40 questions · 40 findings · 12 reviews · Hepato-Biliary

No studies found 7 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 23 · 57.5%Low 5 · 12.5%Moderate 3 · 7.5%High 2 · 5%

Terlipressin vs other vasoactive drugs

Non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both · people with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome

It is very uncertain whether terlipressin changes non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both compared with other vasoactive drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs probiotic

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with probiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs lactulose

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with lactulose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactulose vs lactitol

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether non‐absorbable disaccharides changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs lactulose

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with lactulose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs probiotic

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review