Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 5 reviews · Urology

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No studies found 1 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 42.9%Low 1 · 14.3%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 1 · 14.3%

Antimicrobial vs placebo or no antibiotic

Serious adverse events · people undergoing cystoscopy

It is very uncertain whether antimicrobial changes serious adverse events compared with placebo or no antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial agents for preventing urinary tract infections in adults undergoing cystoscopy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 630 participants
Very low

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

Serious adverse events

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 311 participants
Very low

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment

Serious adverse events · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term)

Scheduled PDE5I may leads to lower serious adverse events compared with on demand placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.11, 0.94]
3 studies · 443 participants
Low

Bevacizumab + IFN vs IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Bevacizumab + IFN probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.31 [1.2, 1.42]
2 studies · 1356 participants
Moderate

Pazopanib vs placebo (targeted agent versus placebo)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Previous treated and treatment‐naïve (54%) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Pazopanib leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with placebo (targeted agent versus placebo) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [1.4, 2.85]
1 study · 435 participants
High

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment

Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

Serious adverse events or complications of treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low