What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: NBAS or NBO vs control

• The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system for supporting… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 304 participants
  Very low

Visual caries detection (ICDAS visual/visual-tactile inspection) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

• Visual or visual‐tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
  Sensitivity 0.88 [0.81, 0.92]
  36 studies
  GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) showed no clear difference in subjective assessment of sensitivity compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

• Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 8 weeks
  SMD -0.67 [-1.44, 0.10]
  3 studies · 206 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intravenous iron with oral iron vs oral iron

• Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 1 participants
  Low

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

Intravenous iron showed no clear difference in anaphylaxis or evidence of hypersensitivity Clinical assessment compared with oral iron (low certainty).

• Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.78 [0.31, 24.92]
  8 studies · 1454 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower HSS (hypersensitivity) reaction including SJS/TEN (clinically… (moderate certainty).

• Genetic testing for prevention of severe drug‐induced skin rash 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.28, 0.67]
  1 study · 1650 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Training health workers in clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in low‐ and middle‐income… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  Very low

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.90 [0.82, 0.94]
  20 studies
  Moderate

Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.86 [0.79, 0.90]
  20 studies
  Low

Combined index tests (e.g. vital staining plus light-based detection or cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.78 [0.45, 0.94]
  9 studies
  Very low

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

• Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.87 [0.78, 0.93]
  23 studies
  Low

COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.50 [0.12, 0.88]
  1 study · 3895 participants
  Moderate

COE with vital rinsing (toluidine blue/tolonium chloride) vs Conventional oral examination (COE) alone

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Sensitivity 0.40 [0.05, 0.85]
  1 study · 4080 participants
  Moderate

Remote screening of the oral cavity (mobile application/telemedicine) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Summary of findings 4 (no pooled analysis): sensitivity 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88), 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.96), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.00) across the 3 studies. Prevalence 12.2% to 30.9%. Certainty VERY LOW.
  3 studies · 3600 participants
  Very low

Mouth self-examination (MSE) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Summary of findings 2 (no pooled analysis): sensitivity 0.18 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.24), 0.09 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.15), 0.43 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.63), and 0.33 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) across the 4 studies. Prevalence 0.6% to 63.6%.…
  4 studies · 35059 participants
  Very low

Visual examination (VE) vs Reference standard: examination and clinical evaluation by a physician/clinician with specialist knowledge or training (long-term follow-up accepted for those screened negative)

• Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Summary of findings 1 (no pooled analysis): for the 7 studies with low prevalence (<=10%) sensitivity ranged from 0.50 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.93) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.00); for the 3 higher-prevalence studies…
  10 studies · 25568 participants
  Low