Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2 questions · 3 findings · 3 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 33.3%Low 2 · 66.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Respiratory‐related mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Respiratory‐related mortality · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (respiratory‐related) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review