What do systematic reviews say?

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 68 participants
  Low

14% HP strip vs placebo

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No significant impact of tooth whitening on OHRQoL (Bruhn 2012; Wong 2004)
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment

Topical antifungal may leads to lower heath‐related quality of life (HRQL) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment

• Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether iron changes quality of life (dichotomous measure) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.01 [0.54, 7.45]
  2 studies · 39 participants
  Very low

Sulphasalazine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Augmentation of current antidepressant (SSRI/SNRI) with mirtazapine (30 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 447 participants
  High

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin C vs placebo

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 201 participants
  Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prebiotic vs placebo

• Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 8 participants
  Very low

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 511 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Low

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3117 participants
  High

Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment

• Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 93 participants
  Very low

Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cyclophosphamide vs placebo

• Cyclophosphamide for connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 158 participants
  Moderate