What do systematic reviews say?

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

Non‐platinum single‐agent may leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94
  4 studies · 1105 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower progression‐free survival (moderate certainty).

• High‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation versus chemotherapy or immuno‐chemotherapy for follicular… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.42 [0.33, 0.54]
  3 studies · 540 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival1 (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy‐naive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.91 [0.83, 1]
  4 studies · 2018 participants
  Low

Capecitabine‐containing regimens vs chemotherapy regimens without capecitabine

Capecitabine‐containing regimens probably leads to lower progression‐free survival (PFS)median compared with chemotherapy regimens without capecitabine (moderate certainty).

• Capecitabine for hormone receptor‐positive versus hormone receptor‐negative breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.89 [0.83, 0.96]
  12 studies · 4325 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐resistant recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy

ALK inhibitor leads to lower progression‐free survival: all participants compared with any cytotoxic chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.45 [0.4, 0.52]
  6 studies · 1611 participants
  High

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors may leads to higher progression‐free survival: first‐line trials ( compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (low certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.43 [1.06, 1.93]
  1 study · 231 participants
  Low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival Median compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.77 [0.54, 1.1]
  1 study · 256 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Adjuvant (post‐surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1170 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Adjuvant (post‐surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  925 participants
  High

mTOR inhibitors vs chemotherapy/hormone therapy

mTOR inhibitors probably leads to lower progression‐free survival: second/third‐line trials ( compared with chemotherapy/hormone therapy (moderate certainty).

• PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.53 [0.31, 0.91]
  1 study · 95 participants
  Moderate

ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy

ALK inhibitor leads to lower progression‐free survival in people with central nervous system… compared with any cytotoxic chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.41, 0.62]
  6 studies · 581 participants
  High

Docetaxel vs non‐docetaxel‐containing regimens

It is very uncertain whether docetaxel changes progression‐free survival ‐ Substitutive comparisons compared with non‐docetaxel‐containing regimens (very low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.15 [0.77, 1.72]
  1 study · 119 participants
  Very low
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.7 [0.61, 0.81]
  3 studies · 1323 participants
  High
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.55, 1.6]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Irinotecan vs non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens

Irinotecan showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival ‐ Substitutive comparison compared with non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.72, 1]
  5 studies · 741 participants
  Moderate
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.33, 0.77]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Moderate
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.74 [0.66, 0.84]
  2 studies · 809 participants
  High

IRI with fluoropyrimidines vs single agent IRI

IRI with fluoropyrimidines probably leads to lower progression‐free survival (Disease progression) compared with single agent IRI (moderate certainty).

• Irinotecan chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidines versus irinotecan alone for overall survival and… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.68 [0.53, 0.83]
  3 studies · 600 participants
  Moderate