What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing gestational diabetes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.02]
  3 studies · 709 participants
  Low

Self‐monitoring at home vs hospitalisation

It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring at home changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with hospitalisation (very low certainty).

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.05, 13.24]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

Pre‐prandial vs post‐prandial glucose monitoring

It is very uncertain whether pre‐prandial changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with post‐prandial glucose monitoring (very low certainty).

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.91 [0.12, 68.66]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

Automated telemedicine monitoring vs conventional

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Constant CGM vs Intermittent CGM

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs intermittent glucose monitoring

Continuous glucose monitoring showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with intermittent glucose monitoring (low certainty).

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.05, 12.61]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Self‐monitoring vs a different type of self‐monitoring

It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with a different type of self‐monitoring (very low certainty).

• Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre‐existing diabetes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.13, 67.91]
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs control

• Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 19 participants
  Low