Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · Orthodontics

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 25%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 3 · 75%High 0 · 0%

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 hours
MD -11.66 [-16.15, -7.17]
10 studies · 685 participants
Moderate
Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 hours
MD -21.19 [-28.31, -14.06]
12 studies · 1012 participants
Moderate
Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 hours
MD -24.27 [-31.44, -17.11]
9 studies · 535 participants
Moderate

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) vs Local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 hours
MD 13 [-3.45, 29.45]
1 study · 48 participants
Very low