Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

30 questions · 31 findings · 14 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 2 · 6.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 32.3%Low 13 · 41.9%Moderate 3 · 9.7%High 3 · 9.7%

Antibiotics vs placebo

Pain ‐ pain at 2 to 3 days · children with acute otitis media

Antibiotics leads to lower pain ‐ pain at 2 to 3 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Pain ‐ pain at 4 to 7 days · children with acute otitis media

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in pain ‐ pain at 4 to 7 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Pain ‐ pain at 10 to 12 days · children with acute otitis media

Antibiotics probably leads to lower pain ‐ pain at 10 to 12 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic

Little or no pain at 1 to 3 days · people with acute soft tissue injury, such as ankle sprain

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes little or no pain at 1 to 3 days compared with combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review