Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

14 questions · 19 findings · 3 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 6 · 31.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 52.6%Low 2 · 10.5%Moderate 1 · 5.3%High 0 · 0%

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Pain, assessed using the CRIES pain scale, ranging from 0 to 10, during the procedure— opioids versus facilitated tucking · procedural pain in neonates

2 findings from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Opioids vs placebo or no treatment

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 963 participants
Very low

Opioids vs no treatment/placebo

Pain, assessed using the CRIES pain scale, ranging from 0 to 10, during the procedure— opioids versus facilitated tucking · procedural pain in neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 102 participants
Low

Opioids vs no treatment/placebo

Pain (PIPP) · procedural pain in neonates

3 findings from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 199 participants
Moderate
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 123 participants
Very low
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 54 participants
Very low

Opioids vs other analgesics

Pain (PIPP) · procedural pain in neonates

3 findings from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 124 participants
Very low
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Very low
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Very low

Opioids vs no treatment/placebo

Pain, assessed using the DAN pain scale, ranging from 0 to 21, 1 to 2 hours after procedure · procedural pain in neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs fentanyl

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs sufentanil

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs remifentanil

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs diamorphine

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found