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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

73 questions · 79 findings · 13 reviews

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No studies found 11 · 13.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 3.8%Very low 32 · 40.5%Low 23 · 29.1%Moderate 7 · 8.9%High 3 · 3.8%

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 1 hour (moderate or severe))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity 4 or 5 on 5‐point scale (1 hour))
1 finding from 1 review

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 30 minutes: women with severe pain)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (Pain relief (good or very good) at delivery)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ With promazine
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ No add‐on drugs
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia, maternal pain score or pain measured in labour, additional analgesia, epidural

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour or during the postnatal period (Pain relief described as poor)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia in labour measured during the postnatal period (Would use the same pain relief again)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia in labour measured during the postnatal period (Global assessment of pain relief at 24 hours)
1 finding from 1 review